Sodium, magnesium, and calcium are a definite "yes." All of those minerals have indisputable evidence that they help to reduce stress.
Sodium reduces the RAAS system and vasopresson. All those systems have been shown to cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and artheroscoleosis.
Magnesium and calcium shuts down PTH, which also have those beneficial effects. David McCarron and others have showed that calcium releives hypertension.
Short-chain and medium-chain saturated fatty acids have indisputable evidence that they are anti-microbial and are metabolically enhancing. However, they are not necessarily for a healthy diet, if you are already PUFA deficient or have good microflora.
Corticosteroids have indisputable evidence that they slow down oxidative metabolism, causes excitation, and calcification of tissues. Adrenaline and noradrenaline have indisputable evidence that they, too, causes this. Estrogen increase corticosteroids, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, via the stimulation of the pituitary and hypothalamus to increase ACTH, or directly stimulate the conversion of cholesterol into corticosteroids in the adrenal glands. Free fatty acids could contribute to corticosteroid stimulation via a positive feedback loop. Estrogen also inhibits the detoxification of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serotonin via its inhibition of MAO.
Estrogen has been claimed to be protective of Alzheimer's, stroke, hypertension, osteoporosis, and heart disease. However, those protective effects come with a cost of increased nitric oxide, corticosteroids, and catecholamines. A lot of the beneficial effects of estrogen supplementation (e.g. soy) are falsely attributed to the estrogen itself.
High estrogen levels are caused by zinc deficiency, inflammatory eicosanoids, interleukin, and fat mass. Decreased estrogen clearance could be cased by liver congestion, energy deficiency, B-vitamin deficiency, or protein deficiency. Biskind and Biskind showed how B-vitamin and protein deficiency could interfere with the detoxification of estrogen.
Carbon dioxide has been shown to be protective. It's anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant. Speeding up oxidative metabolism raises carbon dioxide retention. Also, maintaining a normal pH also retains carbon dioxide.
Ammonia is toxic. Ammonia is produced when there is not enough minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. A diet suffecient with those minerals clears ammonia. Glucose also helps to reduce ammonia.
Amylase is an enzyme which breaks down starch. Different people have different amylase enzymes. The Japanese have more amylase enzymes encoded in their genes than hunter-gatherers. This shows that amylase is selectively advantegous. Amylase is selectively advantagous because it breaks down the starch into mono- and disaccharides, which are less prone to cause endotoxin and intestinal inflammation. So it suggests that it may be more healthful to eat simple sugars rather than starch. However, it's physiological significance is questioned, as improved digestion could break down the starch entirely into its constituent monosaccharides.
Glycine relaxes the neurons, prevents neuron excitation, and the activation of the HPA axis. In contrast, glutamate and aspartate has the opposite of glycine's effects. Glycine also helps to store glycogen. This effect is shared with adenosine, too.
Tryptophan has shown to cause decreased lifespan, and serotonin release.
Caffeine has been therapeutic in inflammation and caffeine can function as an anti-oxidant due to its similarity to uric acid and its effect in inhibiting xanthine oxidase, which generates free radicals.
A1 milk and gluten are questionable, because even if you have perfect digestion, they could still irritate the intestines and cause inflammation and a leaky gut; unless your salivary and gastric enzymes break down A1 beta casein or gluten, entirely, into its constituent amino acids, before it enters the duodenum.
Fructose is good, at it helps to normalize blood sugar by repleshing liver glycogen, or to increase thyroid conversion. However, fructose has been claimed to cause glycation about seven times fater than glucose. However, it's physiological significance is questioned.
Based on the indisputable evidence, a safe diet is a diet based on salt, magnesium, calcium, coconut oil, ghee, vinegar, and cooked starch. Sufficient protein and B-vitamins should help with liver function. Monosodium glutamate and aspartame should be avoided. Glycine and proline-rich foods (such as collagen) should be supplemented. Baking soda, magnesium citrate, and calcium carbonate as supplements, digestive enzymes, systemic enzymes, and mixed tocopherols as supplements.
White rice, potatoes, white-fleshed sweet potatoes, taro, yams, and others. Oysters for zinc.
Limit tryptophan, methionine, and cysteine.
Sufficient iodine and selenium. Milk is a good source of iodine, containing 60 mcg per cup.
Blood donation. Iron has been shown to react with endogenous oxidants to produce even more dangerous free radicals. Serum ferritin should be between 30-40. Anthony Colpo commenter claimed that 30 is not enough - they had exhaustion. And Bruce Ames hypothesized that iron deficiency causes aging.
Tamoxifen is estrogenic.
Aspirin, coffee, and niacinamide as supplements. However, synthetic vitamins should be taken cautiously.
Supplementation with the digestive enzyme, DPP IV, by helping with the breakdown of allergic peptides, has been therapeutic in Celiac disease, and milk intolerance. In addition, DPP IV enzymes have been used to treat autism and ADHD, as they have been known to have gluten and casein intolerance, elevated serotonin, and lowered DPP IV production. However, possible allergens in the production of the DPP IV enzyme, or to an allergy to the bacteria, are not unheard of.
Food colorings are known to inhibit digestive enzymes, thus exacerbating the inflammatory cycle. In cases such as ADHD, food colorings has been know to exacerbate those symptoms. For instance, "caramel color" in coke might inhibit digestive enzymes, causing systemic inflammation. Sodium benzoate, an ingredient in coke, is a known digestive enzyme inhibitor, and it is known to deplete glycine.
All those are just based on that evidence alone.
REFERENCES
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Is vitamin E an antioxidant, a regulator of signal transduction and gene expression, or a ‘junk’ food? Comments on the two accompanying papers: “Molecular mechanism of α-tocopherol action” by A. Azzi and “Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more” by M. Traber and J. Atkinson
Regina Brigelius-Flohéa, Kelvin J.A. Davies
Tocopherols and tocotrienols in membranes: A critical review Jeffrey Atkinsona, , , Raquel F. Epandb, Richard M. Epandb
RELATION BETWEEN SERUM AND URINARY CALCIUM WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PARATHYROID ACTIVITY M. Peacock, W.G. Robertson, B.E.C. Nordin
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M. Peacock, W.G. Robertson, B.E.C. Nordinamin D deficiency and renal calcium transport in the rat. M Yamamoto, Y Kawanobe http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC370503/pdf/jcinvest00710-0203.pdf
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EFFECT OF ZINC AND FAT INTAKE ON ABSORPTION AND CONVERSION OF INGESTED ß-CAROTENE TO VITAMIN A IN LACTATING INDONESIAN WOMEN
Effects of short-term administration of growth hormone in healthy young men, women, and women taking oral contraceptives B. Edén Engström, P. Burman, A. G. Johansson, L. Wide, F. A. Karlsson http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00672.x/full
EFFECTS OF OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE ON AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN ARTERIES OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN Yu-Lu Liang1, Helena Teede1, Louise M. Shiel1, Adrian Thomas2, Robyn Craven3, Nirupa Sachithanandan1, John J. McNeil2, James D. Cameron4, Anthony Dart5, Barry P. McGrath1,* Article first published online: 28 JUN 2007 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01225.x/abstract
Effects of estrogen on gender-related autonomic differences in humans C. C. Liu,1,* Terry B. J. Kuo,2,4,* and Cheryl C. H. Yang3 http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/285/5/H2188.full
Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure Wolfgang K.H. Oelkers http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0039128X96000074
"High dose estrogens, especially ethinylestradiol (EE) and mestranol, stimulate the synthesis of hepatic proteins including coagulation factors, sex hormone binding globulin, and angiotensinogen (Aogen). In the steady state, high plasma levels of Aogen produce only a very small increase of angiotensin II (AII) and plasma renin activity, because AII inhibits the secretion of renin and lowers plasma renin concentration. However, the increase in AII is sufficient for a slight reduction in renal blood flow and a slight increase in exchangeable sodium and blood pressure; in susceptible women, blood pressure may rise considerably.
"Synthetic progestogens are commonly devoid of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonistic effect of progesterone, and some are weak estrogen receptor agonists.
The metabolic clearance rate of progesterone in males and ovariectomized females. B Little, J F Tait, S A Tait, and F Erlenmeyer http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC292769/
Effects of sex steroid hormones on regional fat depots as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in transsexuals J. M. H. Elbers1, H. Asscheman1, J. C. Seidell2, and L. J. G. Gooren1 http://ajpendo.physiology.org/content/276/2/E317.short
Progesterone Antagonists Increase Androgen Receptor Expression in the Rhesus Macaque and Human Endometrium http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/86/6/2668.full
Exogenous Progesterone Attenuates the Subjective Effects of Smoked Cocaine in Women, but not in Men Suzette M Evans1 and Richard W Foltin1 http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v31/n3/abs/1300887a.html
Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol-Induced Changes in Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Man: Effects of Spironolactone and RU486 http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/67/4/824.short
Estrogenic encounters: How interactions between aromatase and the environment modulate aggression Brian C. Trainor,a* Helen H. Kyomen,b and Catherine A. Marlerc
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080681/
Effects of progestins on sexual behaviour in castrated lizards (Cnemidophorus inornatus) J. Lindzey and D. Crews http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/119/2/265.short
Progesterone receptors mediate male aggression toward infants Johanna S. Schneider*, Marielle K. Stone*, Katherine E. Wynne-Edwards†, Teresa H. Horton*, John Lydon‡, Bert O'Malley‡, and Jon E. Levine*§ http://www.pnas.org/content/100/5/2951.full
"High T levels, however, do not necessarily decrease paternal behavior in many species (1, 2) and even promote paternal behavior in the California mouse, Peromyscus californicus (3) via aromatization to estrogen (4). Furthermore, T levels do not correlate with paternal behavior in common laboratory mice (5). In humans, some fathers experience a decrease in T levels immediately after birth of a child (6, 7); however, its association with paternal behaviors is not known.
"Although male Cynomolgus monkeys exhibit increased male-male aggression after medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatments (35), the specific effects of this progestin on infant-directed aggression in male primates have not been examined.
PROGESTERONE AND HETEROTYPICAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN MALE RATS J. M. DAVIDSON and S. LEVINE http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/44/1/129.short "Male rats castrated during the first few days of life, but not later, show behavioural responses closely resembling those of normal females after treatment with ovarian steroids in adulthood. This suggests that testicular secretion in the neonatal period is responsible for the determination of future behavioural patterns (Grady, Phoenix & Young, 1965;
Sexual orientation in women: An investigation of hormonal and personality variables☆ C.P. Dancey http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030105119090142J
Testicular function in transsexual men Although the sperm counts of 5 of 8 adult male-to-female transsexuals were low, other aspects of testicular function were normal. Plasma production rates of testosterone averaged 6.4 mg/24 hours, a value similar to the 5.7 mg/24 hours produced by heterosexual adult men. Production rates of 17-estradiol and estrone, 55µg/24 hours and 52 µg/24 hours, were also normal. Observed abnormalities of pituitary function and pituitary response to LHRH cannot be explained by abnormal testicular steroidogenesis.
"A technique of incubation of testicular tissue in vitro with radiolabeled precursors was applied in the investigation of the steroid biosynthesis by testes of four young men after long-term, high-dose estrogen treatment. A positive correlation between plasma and testicular steroid levels, and in vitro capacity of the testes to metabolize progesterone was demonstrated.
"Estrogen administration produced a very significant inhibition of plasma and testicular levels of testosterone. The in vitro synthesis of testosterone from progesterone was very severely impaired; especially 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone. 20α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase activity was found to be increased after estrogen treatment, both in vivo and in vitro.
Fed Proc. 1959 Dec;18:1057-65. Effects of progesterone and synthetic progestins on the reproductive physiology of normal men. HELLER CG, MOORE DJ, PAULSEN CA, NELSON WO, LAIDLAW WM.
Optimal Waist-to-Hip Ratios in Women Activate Neural Reward Centers in Men Steven M. Platek1*, Devendra Singh2 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009042
Seasonal Variation of Testosterone and Waist to Hip Ratio in Men: The Tromsø Study Johan Svartberg, Rolf Jorde, Johan Sundsfjord, Kaare H. Bønaa and Elizabeth Barrett-Connor http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/88/7/3099.short
"Lowest testosterone levels occurred in months with the highest temperatures and longest hours of daylight. Waist to hip ratio paralleled the change in daylight and temperature, with the highest values during the summer and was thus inversely related to the seasonal testosterone variation.
Progesterone, prolactin, and gynaecomastia in men with liver disease. M J Farthing, J R Green, C R Edwards, A M Dawson http://gut.bmj.com/content/23/4/276.abstract
"Plasma progesterone was raised in 36 of 50 (72%) men with liver disease compared with 20 healthy male control subjects. Plasma progesterone was significantly higher in men with non-alcoholic cirrhosis with gynaecomastia than those without, but no similar relationship was found in men with alcoholic fatty change and alcoholic cirrhosis. Hyperprolactinaemia was found in 14% of men with liver disease but levels were unrelated to the presence of gynaecomastia. Increased circulating levels of progesterone and prolactin alone do not explain the development of gynaecomastia in patients with liver disease, but progesterone may be an additional factor acting in association with the known disturbances of other sex steroids.
Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels Jacob C. Seidell , a, b, c, d, 1, Per Björntorpa, b, c, d, Lars Sjöströma, b, c, d, Henry Kvista, b, c, d, Rune Sannerstedta, b, c, d http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002604959090297P
Progesterone: the forgotten hormone in men? M Oettel1 and AK Mukhopadhyay2 1Jena http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13685530400004199 "A progestin may stimulate weight gain and appetite in men as well as in women.
Effect of sex on the strain differences in hepatic metabolism of starved and nonstarved rats http://jn.nutrition.org/content/109/2/272.full.pdf
Biotin supplementation reduces plasma triacylglycerol andáVLDL inátype 2ádiabetic patients andáinánondiabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridemia http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332206000539
Effects on biotin, fat type and sodium nitrite on organ size, plasma constituents and liver fatty acid composition in rats* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0271531785801743
The potential role of biotin insufficiency on essential fatty acid metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/Biotin%20Paper.pdf
Dietary biotin effects on desaturation and elongation of 14C-linoleic acid in the chicken http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027153170580274X
5 - Hormones and the Development and Expression of Aggressive Behavior B.C. Trainor, C.L. Sisk, R.J. Nelson http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008088783800005X
"Throughout the chapter, a comparison is made between the regulation of rodent animal models of aggression and human aggression with the goal of emphasizing where further research is needed to understand nonadaptive or pathological aggression.
Activation of aggressive behavior by progesterone and testosterone in male tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus
S.L Weiss , , M.C Moore http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648004000024
Changes in brain testosterone and allopregnanolone biosynthesis elicit aggressive behavior Graziano Pinna *, Erminio Costa, and Alessandro Guidotti http://www.pnas.org/content/102/6/2135.long
Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure WKH Oelkers - Steroids, 1996 - Elsevier Endogenous 17β-estradiol (E2) and low parenteral doses of exogenous E2 are vasodilators. High dose estrogens, especially ethinylestradiol (EE) and mestranol, stimulate the synthesis of hepatic proteins including coagulation factors, sex hormone binding globulin, and ... Cited by 172 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 6 versions http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0039128x96000074
Comment on progesterone effects in breast tissue http://www.springerlink.com/content/x125660612190317/
Progesterone modulation of androgen-dependent sexual behavior in male rats
Diane M. Witt , ∗, Larry J. Young†, David Crews†
"Mounting was observed in 75% of the T-alone males. More than half (64%) of the P-atone males and 100% P + T males exhibited mounting. In most cases, mounting was followed by intromission responses. Subsequently, intact and gonadectomized males received daily injections of the P antagonist RU486 along with hormone treatment. After receiving RU486, only 63% of the intact males and 71 % of the T-alone males mounted successfully. The facilitatory effects of P on copulatory behavior were completely abolished by RU486 treatment. The present studies provide the first evidence in mammals suggesting that P-dependent mechanisms influence neurochemical pathways involved in copulation.
Modulation by estradiol of serotonin receptors in brain A Biegon and BS McEwen http://www.jneurosci.org/content/2/2/199.full.pdf+html
Estrogens were found to exert a biphasic effect on the density of serotonin receptors in the female rat brain: an acute reduction in serotonin receptor density throughout the brain is followed 48 to 72 hr later by a selective increase in those brain regions known to contain estrogen receptors--hypothalamus, preoptic area, and amygdala. The acute reduction in serotonin receptor density can be mimicked by estradiol in vitro. We conclude that estradiol may have a fast, direct effect on brain membranes to modify serotonin receptor availability, while exerting a slow effect on the same receptors through an interaction with intracellular estrogen receptors in those brain regions that contain them. The observation that female sex hormones are involved in the regulation of serotonin receptors may have important implications in the understanding of female sexual behavior in the female rat and in the understanding of hormone-linked emotional disturbances in women
Estradiol-17 [beta] increase serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA levels and the density of SERT-binding sites in female rat brain JK McQueen, H Wilson… - Molecular brain research, 1997 - Elsevier
Effects of estradiol and progesterone administration on human serotonin 2A receptor binding: a PET study EL Moses, WC Drevets, G Smith, CA Mathis http://directory.umm.ac.id/Data%20Elmu/jurnal/B/Biological%20Psichatry/Vol48.Issue8.2000/6836.pdf
Estradiol-17β increase serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA levels and the density of SERT-binding sites in female rat brain Judith K. McQueen , Helen Wilson, George Fink
Effects of chronic 17β-estradiol treatment on the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor mRNA and binding levels in the rat brain Marie K. Österlund, Christer Halldin, Yasmin L. Hurd http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(200001)35:1%3C39::AID-SYN5%3E3.0.CO;2-T/abstract
Thus, the previous findings together with the present results indicate that estradiol-induced alterations in 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression appears within hours, but diminishes with chronic treatment when significant changes on the receptor-protein level are apparent.
Estrogen actions in the central nervous system [PDF] from uwks.ac.id Free from Publisher BS McEwen http://www.fk.uwks.ac.id/elib/Arsip/Departemen/Biokimia/Estrogen%20Actions%20in%20the%20Central%20Nervous%20System.pdf
M.A. Beck, P.C. Kolbeck, Q. Shi, L.H. Rohr, V.C. Morris, and O.A. Levander, “Increased Virulence of a Human Enterovirus (Coxsackievirus B3) in Selenium-Deficient Mice”, J. Infectious Diseases 170, 351-357, 1994. M.A. Beck, P.C. Kolbeck, L.H. Rohr, Q. Shi, V.C. Morris, and O.A. Levander, “Vitamine E Deficiency Intensifies the Myocardial Injury of Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Mice”, J. Nutr.
This effect is reversed with selenium deficiency. Older mice that are also selenium deficient are as susceptible to the virus as young mice.
These tests employ lard, special fish oil with vitamin E removed, selenium and vitamin E. The vitamin E prevents the deleterious formation of aliphatic hyperperoxides from the high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in the fish oil. Fish oil administered without vitamin E depletes the body's store of vitamin E and potentiates the heart damage observed with the virus infection. (Normal fish oil contains a small but sufficient amount of vitamin E to prevent these problems.)
Metabolism of Linoleic Acid by Human Gut Bacteria: Different Routes for Biosynthesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Estelle Devillard, Freda M. McIntosh, Sylvia H. Duncan, and R. John Wallace* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1899373/
Differences between human subjects in the composition of the faecal bacterial community and faecal metabolism of linoleic acid Estelle Devillard1,†, Freda M. McIntosh1, Delphine Paillard1, Nadine A. Thomas1, Kevin J. Shingfield2 and R. John Wallace1 http://mic.sgmjournals.org/content/155/2/513.full
Prevent Osteoporosis with Egg Shell Calcium, Vitamins D and K2, and Other Nutrients http://www.smart-publications.com/articles/prevent-osteoporosis-with-egg-shell-calcium-vitamins-d-and-k2-and-othe/page-2
serotonin + the thromboxane analog U-46619, in estrogen-deprived VMC were suppressed by >72 h in 17-estradiol. http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/290/1/H295.short
Calcium paradox of aldosteronism and the role of the parathyroid glands Alex Vidal,1 Yao Sun,1 Syamal K. Bhattacharya,3 Robert A. Ahokas,4 Ivan C. Gerling,2 and Karl T. Weber1 http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/290/1/H286.full
Is hypovitaminosis D one of the environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis? http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/133/7/1869.short
Nat Cell Biol. 2008 May;10(5):611-8. Epub 2008 Apr 6. p53 regulates glucose metabolism through an IKK-NF-kappaB pathway and inhibits cell transformation. Kawauchi K, Araki K, Tobiume K, Tanaka N. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391940
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Mar;284(3):H1028-34. Epub 2002 Nov 21. Endotoxemia stimulates skeletal muscle Na+-K+-ATPase and raises blood lactate under aerobic conditions in humans. Bundgaard H, Kjeldsen K, Suarez Krabbe K, van Hall G, Simonsen L, Qvist J, Hansen CM, Moller K, Fonsmark L, Lav Madsen P, Klarlund Pedersen B. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446281
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Effects of catecholamines on lactic acid output during progressive working contractions. by W N Stainsby, C Sumners, P D Eitzman http://www.mendeley.com/research/effects-catecholamines-lactic-acid-output-during-progressive-working-contractions/
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Aldosterone regulation of T-type calcium channels☆
Michel F Rossiera, b, , , Olivier Lesouhaitiera, Emeline Perriera, Liliane Bockhorna, Alberto Chiappeb, Nathalie Lalevéea http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076003002012
Effects of estradiol and progesterone on the increased synthesis of collagen in atherosclerotic rabbit aortas☆ G.M. Fischer, M.L. Swain∗ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021915085901777
Effects of Progesterone and Four Synthetic Progestagens on Sodium Balance and the Renin-Aldosterone System in Man*
"50 mg of progesterone im caused, as expected, natriuresis, an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma angiotensin II concentration (PAC) and aldosterone excretion (AER), while plasma renin substrate concentration (PRS) remained unchanged.
Horm Metab Res. 2005 Jul;37(7):455-9. Aldosterone inhibits uncoupling protein-1, induces insulin resistance, and stimulates proinflammatory adipokines in adipocytes. Kraus D, Jäger J, Meier B, Fasshauer M, Klein J. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034720
Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure Wolfgang K.H. Oelkers http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0039128X96000074
"Endogenous 17β-estradiol (E2) and low parenteral doses of exogenous E2 are vasodilators. High dose estrogens, especially ethinylestradiol (EE) and mestranol, stimulate the synthesis of hepatic proteins including coagulation factors, sex hormone binding globulin, and angiotensinogen (Aogen).
"Endogenous progesterone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Endogenous or exogenous progesterone leads to sodium loss and a compensatory increase in renin secretion, plasma renin activity, AII, and plasma aldosterone, e.g. in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Synthetic progestogens are commonly devoid of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonistic effect of progesterone, and some are weak estrogen receptor agonists.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1992 May;6(3):313. Normal ranges for urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in Portuguese children. Sa G, Proença H, Rosa FC. http://www.springerlink.com/content/tp60q38002436510/
Absorption of Calcium as the Carbonate and Citrate Salts, with Some Observations on Method http://www.springerlink.com/content/dx8kyt8u2t0xm37l/ Absorbability of calcium from the carbonate and citrate salts was compared at 300 mg and 1000 mg calcium loads, ingested as part of a light breakfast meal.
Calcium Absorption Varies within the Reference Range for Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Robert P. Heaney, MD, FACN, M. Susan Dowell, PhD, Cecilia A. Hale, PhD and Adrianne Bendich, PhD, FACN
"AUC9 (± SEM), was 3.63 mg hr/dL ± 0.234 in participants pretreated with 25OHD and 2.20 ± 0.240 in those not pretreated (P < 0.001). In brief, absorption was 65% higher at serum 25OHD levels averaging 86.5 nmol/L than at levels averaging 50 nmol/L (both values within the nominal reference range for this analyte).
Urinary calcium excretion in Swedish children E Esbjorner1,*, IL Jones2
Dietary salt, urinary calcium, and bone loss Linda K. Massey1,*, Susan J. Whiting2 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbmr.5650110603/abstract
Changes in Serum and Urinary Calcium during Treatment with Hydrochlorothiazide: Studies on Mechanisms Arnold S. Brickman, Shaul G. Massry, and Jack W. Coburn
Both the reduction in urinary calcium and increase in urinary phosphate after the use of thiazides may be due, in part, to potentiation of the action of the parathyroid hormone on the nephron. The rise in serum calcium could be due to thiazide-induced release of calcium from bone into extracellular fluid, particularly in states where bone resorption may be augmented, i.e., vitamin D therapy or hyperparathyroidism.
Impaired renal calcium absorption in mice lacking calcium channel ß3 subunits José F. Bernardo,* Clara E. Magyar,† W. Bruce Sneddon,† and Peter A. Friedman*† http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955898/
The absence of ß3 subunits resulted in compensatory increases of TrpV5 calcium channels, the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase, NCX1 Na/Ca exchanger protein, and calbindin-D9k but not calbindin-D28k. We conclude that TrpV5 mediates basal renal calcium absorption and that a multimeric calcium channel that includes CaVß3 mediates stimulated calcium transport.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199707103370201 Trial of Calcium to Prevent Preeclampsia Richard J. Levine, M.D., John C. Hauth, M.D., Luis B. Curet, M.D., Baha M. Sibai, M.D., Patrick M. Catalano, M.D., Cynthia D. Morris, Ph.D., Rebecca DerSimonian, Sc.D., Joy R. Esterlitz, M.S., Elizabeth G. Raymond, M.D., Diane E. Bild, M.D., John D. Clemens, M.D., Jeffrey A. Cutler, M.D., Marian G. Ewell, Steven A. Friedman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Sig-Linda Jacobson, Gary M. Joffe, M.D, Mark A. Klebanoff, and Alice S. Petrulis, M.D.
Calcium supplementation did not significantly reduce the incidence or severity of preeclampsia or delay its onset. Preeclampsia occurred in 158 of the 2295 women in the calcium group (6.9 percent) and 168 of the 2294 women in the placebo group (7.3 percent) (relative risk, 0.94; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.76 to 1.16). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the prevalence of pregnancy-associated hypertension without preeclampsia (15.3 percent vs. 17.3 percent) or of all hypertensive disorders (22.2 percent vs. 24.6 percent). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures during pregnancy were similar in both groups. Calcium did not reduce the numbers of preterm deliveries, small-for-gestational-age births, or fetal and neonatal deaths; nor did it increase urolithiasis during pregnancy.
EFFECTS OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL MENOPAUSE ON PLASMA AND URINARY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS M.M. Young M.B. Durh., OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF, B.E.C. Nordin M.D., Ph.D. Lond., F.R.C.P., DIRECTOR http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673667929613 "It is suggested that loss of œ strogenic activity at the menopause results in increased bone resorption.
Carbonated beverages and urinary calcium excretion1,2,3 Robert P Heaney and Karen Rafferty http://www.ajcn.org/content/74/3/343.long The excess calciuria associated with consumption of carbonated beverages is confined to caffeinated beverages. Acidulant type has no acute effect. Because the caffeine effect is known to be compensated for by reduced calciuria later in the day, we conclude that the net effect of carbonated beverage constituents on calcium economy is negligible.The skeletal effects of carbonated beverage consumption are likely due primarily to milk displacement.
Urinary calcium excretion in healthy school children Laura F. Alconcher, Cecilia Castro, Daniel Quintana, Nancy Abt, Luis Moran, Laura Gonzalez, Mabel Cella and Mabel Torelli http://www.springerlink.com/content/1rx6rc67tmnftjnk/
"The Ca/Cr ratio in the first-morning urine sample correlated poorly with the 24-h calcium excretion, suggesting that the Ca/Cr ratio in first-morning urine samples cannot replace the 24-h measurement.
Urinary calcium and oxalate excretion in children György S. Reusz, Mariann Dobos, Dennis Byrd, Péter Sallay, Miklós Miltényi and Tivadar Tulassay http://www.springerlink.com/content/q287536341qx30q7/
Urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in children S. Ghazali, T. M. Barratt http://adc.bmj.com/content/49/2/97.abstract After a milk load of 700 ml/1·73 m2 the urinary calcium/creatinine concentration ratio rose in the first two hours, but in no sample exceeded 0·25 mg/mg.
Urinary calcium and calcium balance in young men as affected by level of protein and phosphorus intake M Hegsted, SA Schuette, MB Zemel http://jn.nutrition.org/content/111/3/553.full.pdf
The effect of dietary sodium on urinary calcium and potassium excretion in normotensive men with different calcium intakes JJ Castenmiller, RP Mensink http://www.ajcn.org/content/41/1/52.full.pdf
Effect of estrogens and calcium carbonate on bone loss in postmenopausal women RR RECKER, PD SAVILLE http://www.annals.org/content/87/6/649.short
Urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in children S. Ghazali and T. M. Barratt http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1648734/
Effect of Estrogens and Calcium Carbonate on Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women ROBERT R. RECKER, M.D., F.A.C.P.; PAUL D. SAVILLE, M.D., F.A.C.P.; and ROBERT P. HEANEY, M.D., F.A.C.P. [1] these techniques are sufficiently sensitive to detect age-related bone loss; [2] postmenopausal sex-hormone replacement measurably decreases age-related bone loss by suppressing bone turnover, resorption more than accretion; and [3] calcium supplements produce the same effect but at the dose we used were slightly less effective.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1982 Mar;60(3):331-4. Role of acidosis in the protein wasting of fasting in the rat and the rabbit. Hannaford MC, Goldstein MB, Josse RG, Halperin ML. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7074421
A Novel Property of Povidon-Iodine: Inhibition of Excessive Protease Levels in Chronic Non-Healing Wounds Sabine A Eming1,3, Sigrun Smola-Hess2,3, Peter Kurschat1, Doris Hirche1, Thomas Krieg1 and Hans Smola1,4 http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v126/n12/full/5700474a.html
"Iodine is strongly oxidative and easily reacts with the amino, phenol, and –SH groups of amino acids, with unsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides. For enzymes, this results in denaturation and loss of function and we suspect that it is this mechanism we observe in our experiments.
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1981 Dec;98(4):556-63. The effect of varying iodine content on the proteolytic activity of rat thyroid lysosomes. Santisteban P, Lamas L. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272517
"The proteolytic activity of lysosomal fractions from the various experimental groups towards thyroglobulin decreased slightly with increased iodide supply both in chronic and acute experiments. The results suggest that thyroid lysosomal activity may participate in the autoregulation of thyroid secretion by inducing synthesis of new enzymes and modulating thyroglobulin degradation.
J Nutr. 1969 Feb;97(2):246-54. Interrelationship of triglycerides with calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the rat. Tadayyon B, Lutwak L. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5767134 Fat has little to do with the absorption of calcium. Though vitamin D, lactose, protein, antibiotics, and growth hormone. Phytate and phosphate lowers calcium assimilation.
http://www.mgwater.com/bj0198.shtml
Effect of Magnesium Depletion on Responsiveness to Parathyroid Hormone in Parathyroidectomized Rats T. J. Hahn, L. R. Chase, and L. V. Avioli
Interaction of calcium and phosphate decreases ileal magnesium solubility and apparent magnesium absorption in rats EJ Brink, AC Beynen, PR Dekker http://jn.nutrition.org/content/122/3/580.full.pdf
Calcium antagonizes magnesium in rats, but not in humans.
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1977 Sep;86(1):81-8. Studies on circadian variations of plasma TSH, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in man. Lucke C, Hehrmann R, von Mayersbach K, von zur Mühlen A.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Dec 15;29(12):1302-6. Hyperinsulinemia: the missing link among oxidative stress and age-related diseases? Facchini FS, Hua NW, Reaven GM, Stoohs RA.
Metabolism. 2002 Oct;51(10):1230-4. A calcium-deficient diet caused decreased bone mineral density and secondary elevation of estrogen in aged male rats-effect of menatetrenone and elcatonin. Kato S, Mano T, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki N, Himeno Y, Yamamoto K, Itoh M, Harada N, Nagasaka A.
Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009 Feb 3;8:7. Parathyroid hormone, but not vitamin D, is associated with the metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women and men: a cross-sectional study. Hjelmesaeth J, Hofsø D, Aasheim ET, Jenssen T, Moan J, Hager H, Røislien J, Bollerslev J. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19187564
Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Jul;31(7):891-9. Epub 2008 Aug 14. Effects of calcium channel blockers on hyaluronidase-induced capillary vascular permeability. Halici Z, Suleyman H, Cadirci E.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct;88(4):877-85. Dairy calcium supplementation in overweight or obese persons: its effect on markers of fat metabolism. Bortolotti M, Rudelle S, Schneiter P, Vidal H, Loizon E, Tappy L, Acheson KJ.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18842771
Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Aug;41(8):541-50. Epub 2009 Feb 4. Transglutaminases in inflammation and fibrosis of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. Elli L, Bergamini CM, Bardella MT, Schuppan D.
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1977 Sep;86(1):81-8. Studies on circadian variations of plasma TSH, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in man. Lucke C, Hehrmann R, von Mayersbach K, von zur Mühlen A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/578614
Urinary Excretion of Calcium Following an Oral Calcium Loading Test in Healthy Children F. Bruder Stapleton, H. Norman Noe, Gerald Jerkins, Shane Roy III http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/69/5/594.short
http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v2/n4/full/nrc780.html http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v2/n4/full/nrc780.html
NF-B inhibitors might also prevent progression to colorectal cancer by preventing expression of COX2 — another NF-B target gene. COX2 is responsible for inducible prostaglandin synthesis during inflammation. The link between COX2 and colorectal cancer is supported strongly by epidemiological and experimental evidence. COX2 is overexpressed in colon adenomas and carcinomas of human and mouse origin89, 90, and Cox2-null mice are resistant to colorectal cancer91, 92. Long-term consumption of aspirin or other COX inhibitors over a period of 10–15 years has been reported to reduce the relative risk of colorectal cancer by 40–50% (Refs 93,94).
Given the ability of both aspirin and sulindac to inhibit IKK99, 100, it is possible that some of their chemopreventive activity is derived from their ability to prevent NF-B activation. Inhibition of IKK activity using sulindac sulphide was shown to induce the apoptosis of a colorectal cancer cell line100. Curcumin — another less potent and even less specific inhibitor of IKK — is another anti-inflammatory compound101. Curcumin has been shown to reduce colon carcinogenesis in several animal models95, 102 and to inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells103. Its extensive consumption in the Indian subcontinent has been linked to low incidence of colorectal cancer104
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17622575 "By contrast, the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are due largely to their ability to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. This effect has been predominantly attributed to the repression of key inflammatory transcription factors, including AP-1 and NF-kappaB, and is termed transrepression.
Physiol Behav. 1996 Jan;59(1):133-9. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alter body temperature and suppress melatonin in humans. Murphy PJ, Myers BL, Badia P.
ALDOSTERONE & AMMONIA
Aldosterone effects on renal metabolism. R S Snart and E Taylor http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1282502/
The dose-response characteristic obtained for this aldosterone-stimulated ammonia release has been determined. 4. The effect of a high Na+ diet on the ammonia release has been studied. An initial decrease after 2 days may be associated with decreased endogenous aldosterone secretion. However, aldosterone (2.5 microgram/100 g body weight)injections into these high Na+ treated animals fails to restore the normal ammonia release. 5. The effects of aldosterone (2.5 microgram/100 g body weight), dexamethasone (2.5 microgram/100 g body weight) and corticosterone (2.5 microgram/100 g body weight) injections, in adrenalectomized rats, on ammonia release and tissue tyrosine aminotransferase activities have been compared.
Antiinflammatory Action of Glucocorticoids — New Mechanisms for Old Drugs Turk Rhen, Ph.D., and John A. Cidlowski, Ph.D. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1711-1723October 20, 2005 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra050541
Am J Vet Res. 1978 Jan;39(1):159-61. Effect of thyroid state on magnesium concentration of rat tissues. Oliver JW.
Stimulatory effects of hyperprolactinemia on aldosterone secretion in ovariectomized rats. Kau MM, Chang LL, Kan SF, Ho LT, Wang PS. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928939
Metabolism. 2003 Aug;52(8):1072-7. Dietary sodium restriction exacerbates age-related changes in rat adipose tissue and liver lipogenesis. Xavier AR, Garófalo MA, Migliorini RH, Kettelhut IC.
Prog Lipid Res. 2000 May;39(3):231-55. Vitamin E: non-antioxidant roles. Azzi A, Stocker A.
Estradiol activates mast cells via a non-genomic estrogen receptor-α and calcium influx Masafumi Zaitsu,a Shin-Ichiro Narita,a K. Chad Lambert,a James J. Grady,b D. Mark Estes,a Edward M. Curran,a Edward G. Brooks,a Cheryl S. Watson,c Randall M. Goldblum,a and Terumi Midoro-Horiutia* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603032/
Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. R C May, R A Kelly, and W E Mitch http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC423396/
Regulation of GH Secretion in Acromegaly: Reproducibility of Daily GH Profiles and Attenuated Negative Feedback by IGF-I Craig A. Jaffe, Wenqin Pan, Morton B. Brown, Roberta DeMott-Friberg and Ariel L. Barkan http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/86/9/4364.full
Yet, nocturnal GH augmentation persisted during the infusion of a supraphysiological dose of octreotide, so that the nocturnal decline in somatostatin is unlikely to be the cause of the augmented GH secretion (32). Similarly, a nocturnal rise in GH secretion persisted despite continuous infusion of GH-releasing peptide-6 (33). This suggests that a nighttime increase in GH secretagogue is also unlikely to be the driving force for nocturnal GH release. In contrast, a continuous infusion of GHRH antagonist eliminated nearly all of the nocturnal GH rise in normal subjects (2). Therefore, the role of central GHRH as a driving force in normal and, conceivably, in acromegalic subjects needs to be considered.
Steroids. 1996 Apr;61(4):166-71. Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure. Oelkers WK.
"Endogenous progesterone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Endogenous or exogenous progesterone leads to sodium loss and a compensatory increase in renin secretion, plasma renin activity, AII, and plasma aldosterone, e.g. in the second half of the menstrual cycle.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1982 Mar;60(3):331-4. Role of acidosis in the protein wasting of fasting in the rat and the rabbit. Hannaford MC, Goldstein MB, Josse RG, Halperin ML.
Steroids. 2005 May-Jun;70(5-7):347-51. Epub 2005 Mar 24. Nongenomic effects of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in the cardiovascular system. Mihailidou AS, Funder JW. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15862816
In rabbit cardiomyocytes, aldosterone increases intracellular [Na+] by activating Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport, with secondary effects on Na+/K+ pump activity. Pump current rises approximately 10-fold within 15', is unaffected by actinomycin D or the MR antagonist canrenone, and not elevated by cortisol. Pump current is, however, completely blocked by the open E-ring, water soluble MR antagonist K+ canrenoate and stoichometrically by cortisol.
Pathophysiology of hypertension during preeclampsia: linking placental ischemia with endothelial dysfunction Jeffrey S. Gilbert, Michael J. Ryan, Babbette B. LaMarca, Mona Sedeek, Sydney R. Murphy, and Joey P. Granger http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/294/2/H541.full
"Studies from several laboratories indicate that chronic NO synthase inhibition in pregnant rats produces hypertension associated with peripheral and renal vasoconstriction, proteinuria, intrauterine growth restriction, and increased fetal morbidity (23, 43). We have previously reported similar cardiovascular perturbations exist in the NO inhibition and RUPP models, the latter illustrated in Fig. 2 (94).
http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/294/3/H1258.full
Transient receptor potential melastatin 6 and 7 channels, magnesium transport, and vascular biology: implications in hypertension Rhian M. Touyz http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/294/3/H1103.full
Aldosterone and end-organ damage Annis M. MARNEY and Nancy J. BROWN http://submit.clinsci.org/cs/113/0267/cs1130267.htm
, MR activation induces oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and subsequent fibrosis.
Hypertension. 2004 Feb;43(2):358-63. Epub 2004 Jan 12. Epoxy-keto derivative of linoleic acid stimulates aldosterone secretion. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Egan BM, Campbell WB, Nithipatikom K. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14718355?dopt=Abstract
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2010 Mar-Apr;52(5):401-9. Aldosterone: role in the cardiometabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension. Whaley-Connell A, Johnson MS, Sowers JR. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14718355?dopt=Abstract
Review article Role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and inflammatory processes in the development and progression of diastolic dysfunction Sebastiano SCIARRETTA*, Francesco PANENI*, Francesca PALANO*, Diana CHIN*, Giuliano TOCCI*, Speranza RUBATTU*† and Massimo VOLPE*†
http://submit.clinsci.org/cs/116/0467/cs1160467.htm
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 Aug 1;22(8):1257-66. Vascular inflammation and the renin-angiotensin system. Brasier AR, Recinos A 3rd, Eledrisi MS. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171785
Brief Review Aldosterone and Vascular Inflammation Nancy J. Brown http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/51/2/161.full
The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in hum www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/bcr452.pdf
Corticosteroids mediate fast feedback of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via the mineralocorticoid receptor Helen C. Atkinson, Susan A. Wood, Emma S. Castrique, Yvonne M. Kershaw, Crispin C. R. Wiles, and Stafford L. Lightman
J Nucleic Acids. 2010 Sep 22;2010. pii: 725071. Prevention of mutation, cancer, and other age-associated diseases by optimizing micronutrient intake. Ames BN. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20936173
FASEB J. 2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814. Epub 2011 Mar 14. Adaptive dysfunction of selenoproteins from the perspective of the triage theory: why modest selenium deficiency may increase risk of diseases of aging. McCann JC, Ames BN.
Arther & Beckett. (1999) Thyroid function http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/3/658.abstract?ijkey=142d514bc098871f0edbf58f0989a55060f2627a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Arther & Beckett. (2004) Selenium and endocrine systems http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/184/3/455.abstract?ijkey=62929d24abdd3d8eb6509950b387320efd616459&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha+html
Gut inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome Shaheen E Lakhan* and Annette Kirchgessner http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/7/1/79/
Obesity and the human microbiome RE Ley http://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/courses/fall2010/biol/biolh100-01/sites/default/files/ley_microbiome_obesity_review_2010.pdf
Serum Ferritin Is Associated With Visceral Fat Area care.diabetesjournals.org/content/28/10/2486.full.pdf
Obesity, Visceral Fat, and NAFLD: Querying the Role of Adipokines in the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease M. S. Mirza http://www.isrn.com/isrn/gastroenterology/2011/592404/
Beneficial effects of enzyme-based therapy for autism spectrum disorders by Mark A. Brudnak, Bernard Rimland, Roy E. Kerry, Margaret Dailey, Robert Taylor, Bruce Stayton, Frank Waickman, Michael Waickman, Jon Pangborn, Ilene Buchholz
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ISW/is_243/ai_109946536/?tag=content;col1
Ann Allergy. 1994 May;72(5):462-8. Foods and additives are common causes of the attention deficit hyperactive disorder in children. Boris M, Mandel FS. http://calmglow.com/pdfs/food-allergies-and-ADHD.pdf
Do Artificial Food Colors Promote Hyperactivity in Children with Hyperactive Syndromes? A Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/schab.pdf
The effects of a double blind, placebo controlled, artificial food colourings and benzoate preservative challenge on hyperactivity in a general population sample of preschool children B Bateman, J O Warner, E Hutchinson, T Dean, P Rowlandson, C Gant, J Grundy, C Fitzgerald, J Stevenson http://www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/bateman.pdf
